CRJS 3823: Introduction to Research Methods: Juvenile Justice Systems: Scholarly Full-text Journal Articles

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Subjects:

Juvenile justice, Administration of--United States
Children--Legal status, laws, etc.--United States
Juvenile delinquency--United States

Categories:

LAW / General
LAW / Child Advocacy
LAW / Civil Rights
LAW / Comparative
LAW / Constitutional
LAW / Courts
LAW / Criminal Law / Juvenile Offenders
LAW / Jurisprudence
LAW / Legal History

References: APA 7th Edition 

Aalsma, M. C., Schwartz, K., Haight, K. A., Jarjoura, G. R., & Dir, A. L. (2019). Applying an Electronic Health Records Data Quality Framework Across Service Sectors: A Case Study of Juvenile Justice System Data. EGEMS (Washington, DC), 7(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.5334/egems.258
Context: Integrating electronic health records (EHR) with other sources of administrative data is key to identifying factors affecting the long-term health of traditionally underserved populations, such as individuals involved in the justice system. Linking existing administrative data from multiple sources overcomes many of the limitations of traditional prospective studies of population health, but the linking process assumes high levels of data quality and consistency within administrative data. Studies of EHR, unlike other types of administrative data, have provided guidance to evaluate the utility of big data for population health research.; Case Description: Here, an established EHR data quality framework was applied to identify and describe the potential shortcomings of administrative juvenile justice system data collected by one of four case management systems (CMSs) across 12 counties in a Midwest state. The CMS data were reviewed for logical inconsistencies and compared along the data quality dimensions of plausibility and completeness.; Major Themes: After applying the data quality framework, several patterns of logical inconsistencies within the data were identified. To resolve these inconsistencies, recommendations regarding data entry, review, and extraction are offered.; Conclusion: The recommendations related to achieving quality justice system data can be applied to future efforts to link administrative databases from multiple sources. Increasing trust in administrative data quality related to vulnerable populations ultimately improves knowledge of pressing public health concerns.

Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families, Little Rock. (1999). A Juvenile Justice System in Crisis: A Case Study in Child Advocacy. (). http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=ED439799
This report provides an account of the actions taken by Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families in the wake of the fatal school shooting in Jonesboro, Arkansas, to shape public policy affecting young children who commit serious violent crimes. Following some background information, the report's contents are: (1) "Responding to a Tragedy," which discusses building a plan of action and impacting policy through advocacy; (2) "Expressing the Public Will," which addresses influencing legislators, considering the options, and seeking humane and effective rehabilitation; (3) "Realizing Our Efforts," summarizing laws enacted during the 1999 Arkansas legislative session as a result of the organization's efforts to inform public policy; and (4) "Sharing Our Lessons." The report's concluding section offers a chronology of relevant events. (EV)

Baldwin, C. R. (2008). Last stop: A case study of a vulnerable, talented, youth, using a community based program, in attempting to reduce the risk of future involvement with the juvenile justice system . (2008-99210-487). http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2008-99210-487
The purpose of this study was to determine the success of an early intervention behavioral modification strategy using a creative and expressive arts approach for vulnerable middle school age minority youth who are often taken into the juvenile justice system. The goal of this community-based program is to reduce the risk of future involvement with the juvenile justice system and enable participants to develop leadership skills and increase academic performance. The theoretical framework of this intervention focused on the counseling needs for vulnerable, culturally diverse children with attention to the general counseling needs of those who are talented. The intervention entitled, Project LEAD (Leadership, Education, Achievement and Development), was used as part of the training to increase self-efficacy, resilience, anger management, self-regulation, and coping strategies. Qualitative research methods that integrated features of a bounded case study were used to assess the changes as a result of this intervention. Methods. A review of the literature, previous research and practice, process evaluation and community and volunteer collaboration led to the adaptation of an existing psycho-educational expressive arts intervention designed for vulnerable youth. Additionally, partnerships with juvenile justice and court-supported services were established. Process outcomes. A one-year community process led to funding through the Tow Foundation to implement the program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Beltran, B. (2019). Latino juvenile delinquents and their experience of familismo: A case study exploring a family's relationships with each other and the juvenile justice system . (2019-00352-014). http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2019-00352-014
Latino youth are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system compared to the current makeup of the United States population of children and adolescents. These youth are exposed to stressors, which may include poverty, community violence, acculturative stress, or mental health issues. Familism has been shown to serve as a protective factor for many of these risk factors to which Latino youth may be exposed. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of a Latino young adult, who had been incarcerated as a youth, and his relationships within his family, as well as examine familismo amongst the family members. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with three members of a Puerto Rican Family living in Massachusetts---a young adult who had been incarcerated as a youth, his younger sister, and his grandmother. Transcripts were analyzed utilizing Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Major themes that were uncovered through the interviews were associated with the family members' relationships with the law and each other, including pain, resilience, putting family above all else, familial support, and the idea that some relationships can be damaged beyond repair as a result of involvement within the justice system. Recommendations for clinical practice included potential clinical interventions to improve mental health services to incarcerated youth and their families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)

Bowman-Gatewood, B. (1980). Oklahoma Juvenile Justice System - An Overview (From Legislative Monitoring - Case Studies From the National Legislature Internship Program, P 37-71, 1980 - See NCJ-72412). Oklahoma Juvenile Justice System - an Overview (from Legislative Monitoring - Case Studies from the National Legislature Internship Program, P 37-71, 1980 - See NCJ-72412), http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=SM072414
The study focused on diversion programs and the deinstitutionalization of status offenders. The officials interviewed were located in rural Stephens County and urban Oklahoma County. Oklahoma County has a juvenile court division which is physically separated from adult courts and is served by three full-time judges. In Stephens County, the associate district judge is assigned juvenile matters, along with other court business. The ABA standards differ from the Oklahoma system in their assertion that noncriminal behavior is not a basis for court jurisdiction. However, handling of alleged delinquents in Oklahoma is similar to that recommended in the ABA standards, since both emphasize delinquency prevention and diversion from the formal judicial process. Although Oklahoma is not subject to provisions of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, Oklahomans should be aware of another Federal law, the Federal Youthful Offenders Act. It is recommended that certain existing statutory provisions be amended to facilitate the statute's implementation. In addition, basic modifications and/or significant additions to the juvenile justice system are needed. Recommended are expansion of dispositional alternatives for youthful offenders, removal of status offenders from the juvenile justice system, and conduct of delinquency proceedings under the rules of criminal procedure. Footnotes including references and appendixes presenting the study questionnaire and figures illustrating the State's juvenile justice system are included. For related case studies, see NCJ 72413 and 72415-16.

Brookins, G. K., & Hirsch, J. A. (2002). Innocence Lost: Case Studies of Children in the Juvenile Justice System. Journal of Negro Education, 71(3), 205-217. https://doi.org/10.2307/3211237
Increasing numbers of young children enter the juvenile justice system each year while the system has few supports to work effectively with children, families, and communities to turn children's lives toward healthy pathways. This article examines the complexity of this process in one community of 500 children under the age of 14. We assess many factors that influence the developmental trajectories of young children who are at risk for harm to themselves and others. Young offenders and their families receive myriad services, most of which are disjointed and focused on specific problems or issues, rather than family systems. Findings are discussed and we offer a set of preliminary recommendations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Burley, J. (1980). Ohio - A Review of the Juvenile Justice System (From Legislative Monitoring - Case Studies From the National Legislature Internship Program, P 11-36, 1980 - See NCJ-72412). Ohio - A Review of the Juvenile Justice System (from Legislative Monitoring - Case Studies from the National Legislature Internship Program, P 11-36, 1980 - See NCJ-72412), http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=SM072413
The study focused on diversion programs and deinstitutionalization of status offenders, which have been proposed in American Bar Association (ABA) standards and in other sources. One county (Franklin) studied was urban, had a separate juvenile court, and used a juvenile detention center. The other county (Clinton) was rural, used a court of multiple jurisdiction, and detained juveniles in the county jail. Key juvenile justice system personnel were interviewed in each county. Findings showed that Ohio law does not clearly define the juvenile justice system. Statutes and rules of court procedure deal with many of the same issues and often use identical language, but they also conflict in some important respects. Judges usually argue that the rules take precedence, while the general assembly urges that the statutes take precedence. Franklin County's system closely resembles the system created by the Ohio Revised Code and the Rules of Juvenile Procedure. In addition, procedural protections and compliance with State law appear sound. Problem are as include the stage at which a complaint is filed, lack of written guidelines for operation of the intake diversion mechanism, and lack of a uniform basis for decisions in juvenile cases. Clinton County's system differs significantly from the system created by State law. Some of Ohio counties' problems could be remedied by strict adherence to existing State laws. In other cases, use of the standards proposed by the ABA and the National Advisory committee would be useful. For example, current Ohio law cannot deal with inappropriate detention of juveniles. Nevertheless, new legislation which follows the national standard will be of little use if it conflicts with court rules and is therefore ignored by Ohio's courts. An appendix presents interview results and commentary. For related case studies, see NCJ 72414-16.

Fenton, J. (1980). Juvenile Justice System of the District of Columbia - Flow Chart & Analysis (From Legislative Monitoring - Case Studies From the National Legislature Internship Program, P 109-160, 1980 - See NCJ-72412). Juvenile Justice System of the District of Columbia - Flow Chart & Analysis (from Legislative Monitoring - Case Studies from the National Legislature Internship Program, P 109-160, 1980 - See NCJ-72412), http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=SM072416
Juvenile justice system procedures are described in detail, starting with the initial complaint or police contact and ending with termination of a dispositional order. Each procedure is compared with the proposed national standards. It is recommended that the Superior Court's Social Services Division be given nonappealable authority to no-petition any Person in Need of Supervision complaint alleging an offense which, if committed by an adult, would be a misdemeanor. In addition, nonjudicial diversion programs should be favored over petitioning. Moreover, time limits and other specific guidelines for Social Service Division decisions should be established. Furthermore, no children brought to court should be placed in cells unless they are physically uncontrollable. For related case studies, see NCJ 72413-15.

Findings from California State University Los Angeles in Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Reported (System Backgrounds, Psychosocial Characteristics, and Service Access Among Dually Involved Youth: a Los Angeles Case Study) (2019a). . NewsRX LLC.
2019 AUG 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- New research on Violence - Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice is the subject ...]

Findings from California State University Los Angeles in Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Reported (System Backgrounds, Psychosocial Characteristics, and Service Access Among Dually Involved Youth: a Los Angeles Case Study) (2019b). . NewsRX LLC.
2019 AUG 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- New research on Violence - Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice is the subject ...]

Geraldine, K. B., & Hirsch, J. A. (2002). Innocence Lost: Case Studies of Children in the Juvenile Justice System. The Journal of Negro Education, 71(3), 205-217. https://doi.org/10.2307/3211237
Increasing numbers of young children enter the juvenile justice system each year while the system has few supports to work effectively with children, families, and communities to turn children's lives toward healthy pathways. This article examines the complexity of this process in one community of 500 children under the age of 14. We assess many factors that influence the developmental trajectories of young children who are at risk for harm to themselves and others. Young offenders and their families receive myriad services, most of which are disjointed and focused on specific problems or issues, rather than family systems. Findings are discussed and we offer a set of preliminary recommendations.

HERTZ, R. C. (1975). Contractual Research & Policy Planning - a Case Study within the Juvenile Justice System in the State of Missouri, 1973. Contractual Research & Policy Planning - a Case Study within the Juvenile Justice System in the State of Missouri, 1973, http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=SM051242

Arthur Bolton Associates (A.B.A.) Of Sacramento, Calif., Contracted With The State Of Missouri To Perform The Following Services: Analyze Data Relating To The Juvenile Justice System, Plan And Conduct Public Hearings And Other Meetings, Prepare Legislation And Public Education Material, And Prepare A Written Report. The Purpose Of This Study Was To Assess The Role Of A.B.A. In Policy Research And Planning While Performing These Services. Data Collection Was Accomplished By Searching Available Documents, Interviewing, And Site Visiting. The Following Elements In The System Were Examined: Structure, Population Statistics, Costs, Manpower, Facilities, And Programs. Data Gathering And Reporting Were Admittedly Weak. The Contracting Authority Claimed, However, That The Data Were Sufficient To Provide Justifications For The Recommendations. The Following Legislation Was Proposed: (1) The Juvenile Delinquency Control, Prevention And Rehabilitation Act Of 1973, (2) The Missouri Child Development Act, And (3) Establishment Of A Division Of Pupil Personnel Services In The State Department Of Education. A.B.A. Concluded That At The Time Of The Study The System For Coping With The Problems Of Juveniles In Missouri Was Expensive And Ineffective. It Was Also Apparent That The Policy Researcher's Role Was Essentially Symbolic Rather Than Scientific. A Bibliography, Tabular Data, Charts, And Appendixes Containing Legislative Bills Are Provided. (Jcp)

Moranian, T., Finger, N., & Fraiman, N. M. (1977). Simulation in criminal justice : A case study of the juvenile court system. Winter Simulation, 1, 270-277. http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edscma&AN=edscma.807549
A simulation model using GPSS-V has been developed for determining flow rates through a juvenile court system linking four serial queues beginning with arrest, through a court review, court carry-order, and court probation. Observations of distributions of waiting times and processing times provide a basis for sensitivity analysis to consider trade-offs between court resources and gains in over-all flow time. The simulation runs with induced variations in court resources show the gains in over-all flow time expressed as reduced average waiting and processing times. The field data (1975) were collected from the juvenile court system of Morris County, New Jersey. The purpose of this paper is to study the flow of delinquents through the juvenile court system in order to examine those elements which control the rate of flow. Many courts throughout the country are back-logged and according to expert criminal justice opinion the courts need to deal with juvenile offenders swiftly and justly in order to avoid the negative consequences of higher maintenance costs to the community and the anxiety-oriented pressures on delinquents stemming from slow developing court action. (5)(6)(9)(10) In addition to describing the entire flow process, the study permits an analysis of those resources needed to bring about changes in flow rates. Hence, trade-offs between allocated court resources and gains in flow time can be evaluated. (2)

Savage, R. J., Reese, J. M., Wallace, S., Wang, T., Jester, T., Lowe, R., Hyndman, L., & Durant, N. (2017). Overcoming Challenges to Care in the Juvenile Justice System: A Case Study and Commentary. Pediatrics in Review, 38(1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2016-0066
Youth in the criminal justice system commonly suffer from multiple medical and psychological health problems. Because they likely live in lower socioeconomic environments, the medical care they receive through the justice system might be their only recent medical care and can result in the discovery of health problems or chronic illnesses that must be managed while in the system and beyond. We describe the case of an adolescent diagnosed with a serious chronic disease during his time in an urban detention center to illustrate how health workers and justice staff must use a team approach in caring for this vulnerable population of children. Barriers to appropriate care, including social and systems-level challenges, are discussed. The lessons learned in this case can be applied more broadly to other vulnerable youth populations, including those in foster care and impoverished communities where the primary care pediatrician (or other assigned pediatric specialist) is both the leader of the medical team and an advocate for quality care. (© American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. All rights reserved.)

Stewart, A., Hayes, H., Livingston, M., & Palk, G. (2008). Youth justice conferencing and indigenous over-representation in the Queensland juvenile justice system: A micro-simulation case study. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 4(4), 357-380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-008-9061-5
Restorative justice conferencing for young offenders is firmly established in Australian juvenile justice, and legislated conferencing schemes are operating in all Australian states and territories. While there is some variation in the terms used to describe restorative justice conferences (e.g., family group conferencing, family conferencing, or youth justice conferencing), there is much more consistency in how the conferencing process is managed across Australian jurisdictions. In Queensland youth justice conferencing is a process that brings together an offender, the victim and their supporters to discuss the harm caused by the offending behaviour and provide the young person with an opportunity to take responsibility for his or her behaviour and make amends. This paper begins by briefly sketching the development of restorative justice conferencing in Queensland and describes the Juvenile Justice Simulation Model (JJSM), a micro-simulation model developed for criminal justice policy analysis in Queensland, Australia. We use this microsimulation model to conduct an experimental exploration of the effects that youth justice conferencing has on system-wide outcomes for indigenous young people. The model simulates the impact of interventions up until 2011 on the number of finalised youth justice court appearances. Our results indicate that youth justice conferencing is unlikely to reduce the over-representation of indigenous young people in the juvenile justice system. The simulations demonstrated that, by the 2011, youth justice conferencing would result in a 12.5% decrease in finalised court appearances. Unfortunately, this decrease was more apparent for non-indigenous young people (13.7% decrease in court appearances) than for indigenous young people, who had a 10.5% decrease in court appearances. This differential impact of conferencing is due to the different court appearance profiles between indigenous and non-indigenous young offenders, with indigenous young people initiating offending at an earlier age and offending more frequently than non-indigenous young offenders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)