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Entrepreneurship: Business Plans

Business Plans

What is a business plan?

A business plan provides the outline of a company's goals and strategies to achieve them. 

What are the parts of a business plan?

Executive Summary

  • The executive summary includes a brief overview of the entire business plan. It should highlight key points and objectives.

Company Description

  • The company description should include detailed information about the company, its mission, vision, values, legal structure, location, and history. 

Market Analysis

  • This section should include the research and analysis of the industry, information regarding target market, customer demographics, competitors, and market trends. 

Products or Services

  • Products or services should include a description of the products or services offered. This section should include the features, benefits, and unique selling points of the products or services. 

Marketing and Sales Strategy

  • This section includes the plans for promoting or selling the products or services. It should include pricing, distribution channels, advertising, and sales tactics. 

Operations and Management

  • Details about the day to day operations of the business, organizational structure, management team, staffing needs, and operational expenses. 

Financial Projections

  • The financial projections section should include revenue projections, expenses, cash flow statements, and break-even analysis.

Funding Requests

  • If you are not seeking additional funding this section can be left out. If you are seeking additional funding this section should outline the amount of funding needed, how it will be used, and the potential returns for investors. 

Appendix

  • A business plan may include an appendix where additional documents or information that support the business plan, such as resumes of team members, market research data, and legal documents. 

Business Structure

Before registering your business, you must choose the business structure. This will allow you to get a tax ID number and to be able to file for the appropriate licenses and permits. 

The most common types of business structures are: 

  • Sole Proprietorship
    • Owned and operated by one person. 
    • There is no legal distinction between the owner and the business entity. 
    • The owner is personally liable for all business debts and liabilities
  • Partnership
    • Owned and operated by two or more individuals
    • Partners share ownership, responsibilities, and profits
    • Partners are personally liable for all business debts and obligations of the partnership
    • The two most common types of partnerships are limited partnerships (LP) and limited liability partnerships (LLP)
  • Limited Liability Company (LLC)
    • Protects owners from being personally pursued for the debts or liabilities of a company
    • LLC regulations vary from state to state
  • Corporation
    • A legal entity separate from its owners
    • Able to raise funds through the sale of stock

For more information on determining your business structure, see  Choose a Business Structure from the SBA or Selecting a Business Structure from the Texas Secretary of State. 

Information provided for educational purposes only. Decisions on management structures for your business are best discussed with your attorney. 

Business Plans - Samples

Bplans.com has a business plan template that can be downloaded as a word document. According to them, this template has been used by over 500,000 businesses and has been approved by universities such as Princeton and Babson. This site sells plans, but also offers some free ones.

            CLP provides dozens of sample business plans             for a variety of industries.

The U.S. Small Business Administration, or SBA, has created a step-by-step tool for building, editing, and downloading your business plan. Once you register with the SBA, you can edit all of the sections of your plan, save them, update them, and export them to PDF files.    

Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE) provides business plan templates.

Additional Reading

Databases

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