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HUSC 5623 Counseling Diverse Populations: Counseling Diverse Populations: Scholarly Full-Text Journal Articles

Counseling Diverse Populations

Counseling Diverse Populations: Scholarly Full-Text Journal Articles

Key words

"Counseling Diverse Populations" AND ( culture or cultural or ethnicity or identity or values ) 

EBSCOhost database 

 

 

References APA 7th Edition 

Barongan, C. (2006). Review of A Comprehensive Approach to Multicultural Competence: A Review of Race, Culture, Psychology, and Law. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(1), 169-171. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.12.1.169
Reviews the book, A Comprehensive Approach to Multicultural Competence: A Review of Race, Culture, Psychology, and Law edited by Kimberly Holt Barrett and William H. George (2005). The scope of this book is comprehensive and the goal of the authors is ambitious, covering multicultural issues from both a psychological and legal perspective. The authors aim to be educational in providing background information on various ethnic and minority groups, instructional in providing specific recommendations for how to best serve these groups, and personal by providing useful case examples that illustrate the complexity and humanity of the individuals involved. As one would expect, the book includes chapters highlighting relevant history, cultural values, and legal issues pertaining to ethnic minority groups, including African Americans, American Indians, Mexican Americans, and Asian American/Pacific Islanders. However, the authors of this text go beyond the standard background information by also demonstrating the diversity within each group, as well. In addition to educating the interested reader on important diversity issues, this book also serves as a manual for both mental health and legal professionals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Betz, N. E., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1993). Individuality and diversity: Theory and research in counseling psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 343-381. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.002015
Reviews recent research on the influence of variables such as gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation on counseling and career psychology. Research relevant to counseling women involves such topics as career development, mental health issues primarily affecting women (i.e., eating disorders and sexual violence), and factors influencing counseling with female clients. Two factors that characterize the literature on counseling men are the prescriptive nature of masculine socialization and men's lesser willingness to participate in psychotherapy. The literature on counseling diverse populations has addressed racial identity, acculturation, and multicultural issues in training. Research on counseling gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients documents the trend from pathology to diversity in the literature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Chen, E. C., Kakkad, D., & Balzano, J. (2008). Multicultural competence and evidence-based practice in group therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(11), 1261-1278. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20533
The multicultural competence (MC) and evidence-based practice (EBP) initiatives have each generated healthy debates in the mental health field, with ample implications for clinical training and practice. Using two case illustrations, we highlight practical challenges and prospects in the intersection of MC and EBP. To facilitate complementary practice of MC and EBP, we offer strategies for the group therapist as a “local clinical scientist” to deliver culturally responsive treatments. We stress the importance of cultural adaptation of EBP models, namely, modifying evidence-based interventions that involve changes in service delivery, in the nature of the therapeutic relationship, or in components of the treatment itself to accommodate the cultural beliefs and behaviors of racial-cultural minority clients. Cultural adaptation of EBP in group therapy needs to be grounded in developmental contextualism and social justice. We discuss the two cases with an eye toward advancing multicultural competence in group therapy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64:1–18, 2008. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Clinical Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Constantine, M. G., & Ladany, N. (1996). Students' Perceptions of Multicultural Training in Counseling Psychology Programs. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 24(4), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.1996.tb00306.x
Discusses students' perceptions of multicultural training in counseling psychology programs. Need of multicultural counseling course; Employment of diverse teaching strategies and procedures; Need to use varied methods of evaluating performance; Need of faculty members who primary research interest was in multicultural issues.

Corrigan, M. J. (1998). Counseling College Students With Disabilities: Legal, Ethical, and Clinical Issues. Journal of College Counseling, 1(2), 181. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.1998.tb00135.x
Focuses on factors to consider in counseling with handicapped college students in the United States. Consideration of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; Job responsibilities of a counselor; Assessment of the interests, values and skills of the handicapped; Role of the counselor in the provision of job search techniques to the student.

Das, A. K. (1995). Rethinking Multicultural Counseling: Implications for Counselor Education. Journal of Counseling & Development, 74(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01821.x
This article looks at the current usage of the term multicultural counseling and analyzes the emerging concept by identifying the premises on which it is based It explores the potential contribution of multiculturalism to the theory and practice of counseling. The current status of training in cross-cultural and multicultural counseling is briefly reviewed, and curricular content is suggested for upgrading the preparation of multicultural counselors in light of the new standards set by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). Some concrete proposals toward implementing CACREP standards are presented. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Counseling & Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Day, R. W., & Sparacio, R. T. (1980). No title. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 59(4), 246. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00541.x
This article defines structure and structuring in counseling and presents a rationale for its use in counseling. The facilitative, therapeutic, and protective functions of structure are explored; practical, consumer, and process issues related to structure are described; the timing of structure in the therapeutic process is discussed; and limits and guidelines for structure and structuring in counseling and therapy are suggested. Rationale supporting the development of structuring skills by counselors is offered. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Personnel & Guidance Journal is the property of American Counseling Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

DeLeon, P. H., Brown, K. S., & Kupchella, D. L. (2003). Editorial: What will the 21st century bring? An emphasis on quality care. International Journal of Stress Management, 10(1), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.10.1.5
Day-to-day concerns frequently take precedence over abstract concepts for psychologists practicing in the United States. However, traditional mental health services are a subset of the more generic health care environment, and changes in this environment will eventually affect the daily practice of mental health practitioners. For a profession to continue to mature and thrive, leadership must be aware of and capitalize on relevant national and international changes. In the 21st century, advances in technology and communication will affect the quality of services and will likely result in increased stress for practitioners and patients. This article reviews developments within the American Psychological Association and explores both current and potential roles that will shape the future of professional mental health practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Ertl, M. M., Mann-Saumier, M., Martin, R. A., Graves, D. F., & Altarriba, J. (2019). The Impossibility of Client-Therapist "Match" : Implications and Future Directions for Multicultural Competency. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 41(4), 312-326. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.41.4.03
Extensive research has examined the influence of client-therapist racial, ethnic, or cultural match on outcomes in therapy. Further, many narrative reviews have summarized the literature in this area, and several meta-analytic reviews have examined the strength of the influence of client-therapist match. The present narrative review builds on previous studies by discussing several critical issues in this literature. In particular, we add to the extant literature reviews by contextualizing the challenges of defining and measuring client-therapist match given the possible broad range of diverse intersectional identities. As matching is not always possible, recommendations for working with clients of a different cultural background are discussed. Suggestions for multicultural competence training are included. We also provide a case example of how intersectionality of identities can inform the therapeutic context. The current article provides updated insights into the client-therapist match literature and emphasizes specific recommendations for education, training, and supervision. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Mental Health Counseling is the property of American Mental Health Counselors Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fassinger, R. E. (2003). Multicultural Counseling with Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Clients /. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 31(2), 82-155. http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ofm&AN=507818721
A special issue on multicultural counseling with gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients is provided. Articles discuss the contributions of multicultural counseling to counselor competence with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients; enhancing counselor skills for work with gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients; therapeutic issues and challenges for those working with lesbian women of color; counseling Native American gay, lesbian, and bisexual people; and recommendations to help counselors increase their advocacy role for gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth.

Freeman, S. C. (1993). Client-Centered Therapy With Diverse Populations: The Universal Within the Specific. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 21(4), 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.1993.tb00235.x
This article presents information on client-centered therapy. A cross-cultural approach must offer conditions that respect a client as an individual, while simultaneously providing a bond of commonality through which the two human beings can relate. This requires that a defined interpersonal environment be established. The environment should provide a communication system in which the counselor is freed from making assumptions about the client, where the counselor's attitudes and values will have less opportunity to be imposed on the client. The communication, then, must originate in the client--from the client's point of view. For this environment to be created, the counselor's role is to respond to the client and limit initiation. Certain behaviors on the part of the counselor, although commonly accepted are questionable when attempting to limit the counselor's cultural imposition on the client. Initiation or leading originates necessarily from the counselor's perspective. To avoid this, it is the client who must initiate. The counselor responds, positively reinforcing the client's contribution while reflecting and clarifying what the client has communicated.

Goodman, L. A., Liang, B., Helms, J. E., Latta, R. E., Sparks, E., & Weintraub, S. R. (2004). Training Counseling Psychologists as Social Justice Agents. Counseling Psychologist, 32(6), 793. http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=53124765
Despite recent calls for counseling psychology to embrace social justice-oriented work, there has been little discussion about what such work actually looks like. The first part of this article derives a set of principles from feminist and multicultural counseling theories that counseling psychologists should consider as they engage in social justice work. These include (a) ongoing self-examination,(b) sharing power, (c) giving voice, (d) facilitating consciousness raising, (e) building on strengths, and(f) leaving clients the tools to work toward social change. The second part of the article describes a program designed to integrate social justice work into the core curriculum of the Boston College doctoral program. The authors discuss ways in which the above principles have shaped students; activities, and some of the ethical dilemmas that have emerged. Finally, the article under-scores professional obstacles that counseling psychologists doing social justice work are likely to face, and offers recommendations for overcoming them. ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]; Copyright of Counseling Psychologist is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for Psychologists. (2003). American Psychologist, 58(5), 377-402. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.58.5.377
Presents the Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists. These guidelines reflect the continuing evolution of the study of psychology, changes in society at large, and emerging data about the different needs of particular individuals and groups historically marginalized or disenfranchised within and by psychology based on their ethnic/racial heritage and social group identity or membership. These guidelines reflect knowledge and skills needed for the profession in the midst of dramatic historic sociopolitical changes in US society, as well as needs of new constituencies, markets, and clients. The specific goals of these guidelines are to provide psychologists with (a) the rationale and needs for addressing multiculturalism and diversity in education, training, research, practice, and organizational change; (b) basic information, relevant terminology, current empirical research from psychology and related disciplines, and other data that support the proposed guidelines and underscore their importance; (c) references to enhance ongoing education, training, research, practice, and organizational change methodologies; and (d) paradigms that broaden the purview of psychology as a profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Hall, C. C. I. (1997). Cultural malpractice: The growing obsolescence of psychology with the changing US population. American Psychologist, 52(6), 642-651. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.642
With the changing demographics occurring in the United States, psychology must make substantive revisions in its curriculum, training, research, and practice. Without these revisions, psychology will risk professional, ethical, and economic problems because psychology will no longer be a viable professional resource to the majority of the U.S. population. In particular, this article discusses the need for psychology to address issues of ethnicity/culture, gender, and sexual orientation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Harris, J. R. A., Roberston, D. L., Jones, B., & Prado, A. M. (2017). Faith, Race, and LGB Affirmation: Experiences of African American Counselors-in-Training. Counselor Education & Supervision, 56(2), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceas.12068
In this phenomenological study, the authors investigated the experiences of African American counselors-in-training, with roots in the Black church, as they navigated their faith and professional responsibilities to provide affirming services to lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Findings suggest attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients are intertwined with faith, race, and community allegiance. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Counselor Education & Supervision is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kocarek, C. E., & Pelling, N. J. (2003). Beyond knowledge and awareness: enhancing counselor skills for work with gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, (2), 99. http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgea&AN=edsgcl.101860839
Whereas multicultural advances in the area of gay, lesbian, and bisexual issues have been made for increased knowledge and awareness, little development has been made regarding counselor skill building. This ...]

Lee, R. M., Chalk, L., Conner, S. E., Kawasaki, N., Jannetti, A., LaRue, T., & Rodolfa, E. (1999). The Status of Multicultural Counseling Training at Counseling Center Internship Sites. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 27(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.1999.tb00215.x
The article evaluates the status of multicultural counseling training at university counseling center pre doctoral internship sites. The development of multicultural counseling competency tends to begin in graduate school. However, the incorporation of multicultural counseling training (MCT) into graduate training programs has been a gradual process. A survey of counseling psychology and counselor education program training directors found that 89% of programs required at least one multicultural counseling course, but only 58% integrated multicultural issues into all coursework. Still fewer programs provided multicultural practice or supervision experience. Programs also did not thoroughly evaluate the students' multicultural counseling competencies the desired goal of such training. Most programs (74%) relied on the comprehensive examinations to assess multicultural competencies, but only 35% included an assessment in the student's yearly evaluations. Furthermore, such evaluation strategies tended to assess only multicultural knowledge and sell-awareness. In general, graduate programs still do not give sufficient attention to developing multicultural counseling skills.

Linstrum, K. S., Ballard, G., & Shelby, T. (2012). Formative Evaluation: using the Critical Incident Questionnaire in a Graduate Counseling Course on Cultural Diversity. Journal of Intercultural Disciplines, 10, 94. http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=109890933
The article presents a study on student feedback pertaining to the instructor's teaching and the impact that the instructor had on the student's learning experience. Topics include the different classroom research techniques employed by instructors to determine what students are confused about from their readings, development of the Critical Incident Questionnaire to investigate how students are experiencing their learning, and the objectives of the Counseling Diverse Populations course.

Loewy, M. I., Juntunen, C. L., & Duan, C. (2009). Application of the Counseling Psychology Model Training Values Statement Addressing Diversity to the Admission Process. Counseling Psychologist, 37(5), 705. http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=43087244
This article addresses the responsibility of counseling psychology programs to communicate and implement the professional training values regarding diversity as articulated in the Counseling Psychology Model Training Values Statement Addressing Diversity (henceforth the "Values Statement") clearly and directly in the advertising and admission process. This will help both applicants and admissions committees assess the best fit between program and applicant and allow for self-selection and committee selection with regard to applicants' aptitude to embody the training values (e.g., self-awareness, openness) specified in the Values Statement. The Values Statement can guide programs in their interview and selection process by providing a framework for assessing applicant readiness to pursue doctoral work in counseling psychology. Current admission practices in counseling psychology are reviewed in the context of the Values Statement. Then a model application review and interview process is described from advertising through selection. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Counseling Psychologist is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

McNeill, B. W. (2001). An Exercise in Ethnic Identity Awareness. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 29(4), 284. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2001.tb00470.x
Ethnic identity encompasses self-concept and self-identification, a sense of belonging, and positive and negative attitudes toward one's ethnic group. The author describes an exercise that introduces and facilitates awareness of the concept of ethnic identity by illustrating, with real-life experiences and examples, the multidimensionality of ethnic identity. (English) ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; La iderdidad Etnica abarca el concepto del ser y Ia identificación del ser, es un sentido de pertenencia, y de las actitudes positivas y negativas hacia el grupo étnico de cada uno. El autor describe un ejercicio que introduce y facilita el conocimiento del concepto de Ia identidad étnica ilustrando su multidimensionalidad con el uso de ejemplos y experiencias de vida diana. (Spanish) ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Minton, S. J. (2017). Examining Graduate Student Engagement in Counseling Services with Diverse Populations in P-12 Education. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 19(3), 103. http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgac&AN=edsgac.A518337519
Given the continued diversification of P-12 education, it is imperative for professional school counselors to possess multicultural counseling competency in order to effectively engage diverse students in counseling. Thus, it is relevant to examine the preparation of professional school counselors-in-training related to multicultural and social justice counseling competency. This study explores the multicultural counseling competence of five professional school counselors-in-training and offers recommendations for counselor educators teaching cross-cultural counseling courses and coordinating school counselor training programs. KEYWORDS: cross-cultural counseling, professional school counseling, P-12 education, counselor education, diversity; Multicultural Counseling Competency Professional School Counseling Method Data Collection and Analysis Findings Discussion and Interpretation Limitations and Future Research Implications Notes References Author Contact Appendix In 2002, Constantine discussed the ...]

O’Hara, C., Dispenza, F., Brack, G., & Blood, R. A. C. (2013). The Preparedness of Counselors in Training to Work with Transgender Clients: A Mixed Methods Investigation. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 7(3), 236. http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=90134988
Although transgender people have increasingly become more visible, there still remains a dearth in the counseling literature regarding counselor preparation with this population. A mixed-method research study was designed to investigate the strengths and gaps in counselor preparedness regarding transgender individuals. In Phase 1, counselors in training (N = 87) from an urban university in the southeastern United States completed a questionnaire on transgender counseling competence. Phase 2 investigated the educative experiences of diverse counselors in training (N = 7) in two separate focus group interviews. The authors converged the results and discuss implications for professional counseling practice and preparation. ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]; Copyright of Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ryan, R. M., Lynch, M. F., Vansteenkiste, M., & Deci, E. L. (2011). Motivation and Autonomy in Counseling, Psychotherapy, and Behavior Change: A Look at Theory and Practice 1ψ7. Counseling Psychologist, 39(2), 193. http://pvamu.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=57262507
Motivation has received increasing attention across counseling approaches, presumably because clients’ motivation is key for treatment effectiveness. The authors define motivation using a self-determination theory taxonomy that conceptualizes motivation along a relative-autonomy continuum. The authors apply the taxonomy in discussing how various counseling approaches address client motivation and autonomy, both in theory and in practice. The authors also consider the motivational implications of nonspecific factors such as therapeutic alliance. Across approaches, the authors find convergence around the idea that clients’ autonomy should be respected and collaborative engagement fostered. The authors also address ethical considerations regarding respect for autonomy and relations of autonomy to multicultural counseling. The authors conclude that supporting autonomy is differentially grounded in theories and differentially implemented in approaches. Specifically, outcome-oriented treatments tend to consider motivation a prerequisite for treatment and emphasize transparency and up-front consent; process-oriented treatments tend to consider motivation a treatment aspect and give less emphasis to transparency and consent. ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]; Copyright of Counseling Psychologist is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sager, J. B., Schlimmer, E. A., & Hellmann, J. A. (2001). Latin American Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients: Implications for Counseling. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development, 40(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-490X.2001.tb00099.x
The article highlights critical characteristics of Latin American lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) culture. In recent years, mental health professionals have been asked by the professional psychological field to be more culturally sensitive and competent. Furthermore, LGB women and men may use mental health services to help them address issues of discrimination, identity stress, vocational issues, and adjustment to a heterosexist society. In addition, there is an evidence that counselors are providing services to LGB individuals despite inadequate training for this population. Suggestions to the counselors providing service to this population are: they must be aware of the social prejudices in the dominant European American culture, Latin American culture, and the LGB community; counselors must be aware of their own possible multicultural and heterosexist bias when working with all clients; they must be conscious of clients' issues, rather than assume that problems result from a Latin American LGB orientation.

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